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Kenny Clarke
(1914 - 1985)

Kenny Clarke was a highly influential if subtle drummer who helped to define bebop drumming.
He was the first to shift the time-keeping rhythm from the bass drum to the ride cymbal, an
innovation that has been copied and utilized by a countless number of drummers since the early
'40s.

Clarke played vibes, piano and trombone in addition to drums while in school. After stints
with Roy Eldridge (1935) and the Jeter-Pillars band, Clarke joined Edgar Hayes' Big Band
(1937-38). He made his recording debut with Hayes and showed that he was one of the most
swinging drummers of the era. A European tour with Hayes gave Clarke an opportunity to lead
his own session, but doubling on vibes was a definite mistake! Stints with the orchestras of
Claude Hopkins (1939) and Teddy Hill (1940-41) followed and then Clarke led the house
band at Minton's Playhouse (which also included Thelonious Monk). The legendary after-hours
sessions led to the formation of bop and it was during this time that Clarke modernized his style
and received the nickname "Klook-Mop" (later shortened to "Klook") due to the irregular
"bombs" he would play behind soloists.

A flexible drummer, Clarke was still able to uplift the more traditional orchestras of Louis
Armstrong and Ella Fitzgerald (1941) and the combos of Benny Carter (1941-42), Red Allen
and Coleman Hawkins; he also recorded with Sidney Bechet. However after spending time in
the military, Clarke stayed in the bop field, working with Dizzy Gillespie's big band and leading
his own modern sessions; he co-wrote "Epistrophy" with Monk and "Salt Peanuts" with
Gillespie. Clarke spent the late '40s in Europe, was with Billy Eckstine in the U.S. in 1951 and
became an original member of the Modern Jazz Quartet (1951-55). However he felt confined
by the music and quit the MJQ to freelance, performing on an enormous amount of records
during 1955-56.

In 1956 Clarke moved to France where he did studio work, was hired by touring American
all-stars and played with Bud Powell and Oscar Pettiford in a trio called the Three Bosses
(1959-60). Clarke was co-leader with Francy Boland of a legendary all-star big band (1961-
72), one that had Kenny Clarke playing second drums! Other than a few short visits home,
Kenny Clarke worked in France for the remainder of his life and was a major figure on the
European jazz scene where he continued to perform, record, and teach until his death.
Source: Scott Yanow; All Music Guide

























Kenny Clarke and Kenny Clare



Modern Jazz Quartet: John Lewis, Milt Jackson, Percy Heath, Kenny Clarke


























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